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Mariana Galera Soler
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Skeletons and models of whales are common in natural history museums exhibitions. From a set of European and American cases this type of display became an analysis tool for scientific and curatorial practices. We advocate for the idea of... more
Skeletons and models of whales are common in natural history museums exhibitions. From a set of European and American cases this type of display became an analysis tool for scientific and curatorial practices. We advocate for the idea of exhibit design as a space for exchange of meanings and circulation of knowledge, practices and professionals. The fat of whale bodies poses challenges when it comes to the display of these giants’ collections and to the conservation of their skeletons. Natural history museums have accepted these challenges as a proof of scientific authority and technical capacity
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Skeletons and models of whales are common in natural history museums. From a set of Eu- ropean and American’s cases, those display are useful tool and interface between different ar- eas of knowledge. Expographic challenges for cetacean... more
Skeletons and models of whales are common in natural history museums. From a set of Eu- ropean and American’s cases, those display are useful tool and interface between different ar- eas of knowledge. Expographic challenges for cetacean anatomy promote discussion about theoretical knowledge exchanges, curatorial practices, schemes, objects and profession- als, relevant topics for the History of Science. About Museology, we talk about exhibition’s objects polysemy. Given that whales sus- pended from ceilings are present in scientific exhibition, since the 19th century, this means that overcomes scientific concepts. Mytholo- gies, institutional questions, mass cultural and fetishism are factors that determine the pres- ence of whale in exhibition.
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In this paper, we analyse the intersticial dimension of induments, as categories which are sha- red by various scientific domains. Written from the perspectives of biology and anthropology, we discuss the place of induments in social... more
In this paper, we analyse the intersticial dimension of induments, as categories which are sha- red by various scientific domains. Written from the perspectives of biology and anthropology, we discuss the place of induments in social processes of classification and circulation.
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Os animais são entidades polissêmicas que se tornaram objetos de museus tão cedo as coleções surgiram. Neste trabalho, o animal é entendido como interface entre duas áreas: enquanto objeto de estudo da zoologia e também como musealia.... more
Os animais são entidades polissêmicas que se tornaram objetos de museus tão cedo as coleções surgiram. Neste trabalho, o animal é entendido como interface entre duas áreas: enquanto objeto de estudo da zoologia e também como musealia. Discutem-se, então, as funções comunicativas exercidas por animais em exposições contemporâneas de museus de história natural. Para tanto, foram descritas e analisadas exposições de três museus sul-americanos de história natural: “Las aves” - Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernadino Rivadavia; “Tiempo y materia: laberintos de la evolución” - Museo de La Plata; e “Conchas, corais e borboletas” - Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Nossa análise sugere que a construção teórica das narrativas está restrita aos textos e que os animais emprestam suas estruturas para ilustração, servindo como evidências da realidade e fornecendo materialidade da teoria, restritos ao seu apelo estético, tridimensionalidade e capacidade de atração de público.
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Exposições científicas, assim como historicamente são as exposições de museus de história natural, são constituídas por narrativas complexas que agregam diversas tipologias de recursos dentro uma vasta gama de objetos de natureza... more
Exposições científicas, assim como historicamente são as exposições de museus de história natural, são constituídas por narrativas complexas que agregam diversas tipologias de recursos dentro uma vasta gama de objetos de natureza diversa. A análise de exposições exige metodologias objetivas de descrições, que permitam acessar acervos e posicioná-los dentro do contexto expositivo e espaço. Contudo, a literatura museológica traz exemplos, principalmente, de descrições textuais que, embora permitam uma noção dos espaços expositivos, não possibilitam a localização e o encadeamento de conteúdos e recursos expositivos. Desse modo, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de descrição de exposições, baseada na associação de diferentes técnicas já realizadas e particularidades pertinentes às exposições científicas. Tal metodologia está ancorada em três elementos: (i) Fichas; (ii) Matrizes Conceituais; e (iii) Planta baixa. As Fichas estão estruturadas em dois tópicos fundaentais: “Temática” e “Tratamento Museográfico”, e são baseadas nos trabalhos de Jean Davallon. As Matrizes Conceituais são quadros descritivos que identificam todos os recursos expositivos das exposições, relacionando-os com conteúdos e conceitos e localizando- os no espaço. As Plantas Baixas posicionam o mobiliário e recursos no espaço, permitindo estudos da área de circulação e acessos e o encadeamento dos conteúdos. Esta metodologia foi aplicada em três exposições de museus de história natural da América do Sul, com recursos expográficos díspares, como: réplica de cegonha de extração de petróleo, caranguejo-gigante preservado em via seca e dioramas. Nestes casos, a metodologia mostrou-se eficiente, integrando os diferentes elementos da narrativa.
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Natural history museums are multifaceted institutions. They constituted a privilege venue for discussion of the Theory of Evolution, as they are institucions of scientific research, and also a commucation medium especially due to its... more
Natural history museums are multifaceted institutions. They constituted a privilege venue for discussion of the Theory of Evolution, as they are institucions of scientific research, and also a commucation medium especially due to its exhibitions.  For this study, animals are understood as an interface between two fields: museology and zoology.  Submitted for discussion is the musealisation of zoology, that is, the processes that make animals a museum object (musealia) and its use on evolutionary narratives on natural historical museums exhibitions. For this purpose, exhibition in three Latin American natural history museums were analyzed: “Las Aves” – Museo de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (Buenos Aires, Argentina); “Tiempo y materia. Laberintos de la evolución” – Museo de La Plata (La Plata, Argentina); e “Conchas, corais e borboletas” – Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Heterogeneous collections and exhibitions resources demanded the development of an objective and replicable methodology for describing those exhibits, structured in (i) data sheets; (ii) conceptual matrixes; and (iii) ground plan of the facilities. Detailed description of the exhibitions led to a comparative analysis around three items: (a) the presence of evolutionary concepts in their narratives; (b) their approaches on evolutionay theory; and (c) their museological conceotualisation. Analyses demonstrated that “Las Aves” and “Conchas, corais e borboletas” were more similar to each other, both in the evolutionary concepsts presents and in their systematics-oriented approach on evolutionary theory. On the other hand, “Tiempo y material” had its own narrative built on the notion of evolution itself and not on animal taxonomic work. As for their museological conceptualization, in all three exhibitions there is a gap between the visitor and the proposed content, and evolutionary theory is presented as a corroborated fact by the objects, texts and others exhibitions resources. Upon reflecting on the one communication of the evolutionary theory and the communication role of animals in exhibition, one can notice the the theoretical construction of narratives is restrict to the associated texts, and the animal themselves lend their own structures for the illustration and demonstration of textually presented evolutionay concepts, serving as “proof” of the reality and materiality.
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